Westchester Hills Hastings
The men and women interred at Westschester Hills Cemetery in Hastings-On-Hudson, Westchester County, New York.
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John Garfield was born Jacob Julius Garfinkle on the Lower East Side of New York City, to Hannah Basia (Margolis) and David Garfinkle, who were Jewish immigrants from Zhytomyr (now in Ukraine). Jules was raised by his father, a clothes presser and part-time cantor, after his mother's death in 1920, when he was 7. He was sent to a special school for problem children, where he was introduced to boxing and drama. He won a scholarship to Maria Ouspenskaya's drama school. He joined the Civic Repertory Theatre in 1932, changing his name to Jules Garfield and making his Broadway debut in that company's Counsellor-at-Law. Joined the Group Theatre company, winning acclaim for his role in Awake and Sing. Embittered over being passed over for the lead in Golden Boy, which was written for him, he signed a contract with Warner Brothers, who changed his name to John Garfield. Won enormous praise for his role of the cynical Mickey Borden in Four Daughters (1938). Appeared in similar roles throughout his career despite his efforts to play varied parts. Children Katherine (1938-1945), David Garfield (1942-1995) and Julie Garfield (1946-). Active in liberal political and social causes, he found himself embroiled in Communist scare of the late 1940s. Though he testified before Congress that he was never a Communist, his ability to get work declined. While separated from his wife, he succumbed to long-term heart problems, dying suddenly in the home of a woman friend at 39. His funeral was mobbed by thousands of fans, in the largest funeral attendance for an actor since Rudolph Valentino.- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Famed violinist and composer, educated at the Royal Music School in Odessa with Fiedelman, and in the Petrograd University with Leopold Auer. He was awarded an honorary Musical Doctorate from the Chicago Musical College. He made his Berlin debut in 1904, his London debut in 1905, and his New York debut with the Russian Symphony in 1908. Mischa Elman was a violin soloist with symphony orchstras throughout the world, and made many concert tours, records and broadcast appearances. He joined ASCAP in 1924, and his classical works include "Romance" and "In a Gondola" (for violin), and transcriptions of works by Schubert, Rachmaninoff, and Beethoven.- Actress
- Soundtrack
The daughter of Vogue's editor-in-chief for 40 years, Edna Woolman Chase, Ilka was named for a Hungarian friend of her mother. She went to school in France and later acted in stock with Rube Miller in New York. Her first appearance on Broadway was as a maid in 'The Red Falcon' in 1924.
After co-starring in her next play, the mystery "Shall we Join the Ladies?" (with Leslie Howard, 1925), she established a reputation as an intelligent leading lady of the stage. She went on to have further successes in prestigious plays by Philip Barry ("The Animal Kingdom", 1932, as Grace Macomber), Thomas Mitchell ("Forsaking all Others", 1933, with Tallulah Bankhead), Eugene O'Neill ('Days Without End', 1934, as Lucy Hillman) and Clare Boothe Luce ("The Women", 1936, as Sylvia Fowler). In 1944, she starred in her adaptation of her novel "In Bed we Cry", playing an actress somewhat inspired by, or modeled upon, her own experiences and personality.
Although she appeared in several motion pictures, few came close to showcasing her caustic personality. The exception was, perhaps, The Big Knife (1955), in which she portrayed a Hedda Hopper-like newspaper columnist. An earlier role of note included Now, Voyager (1942). Bosley Crowther thought her 'cool' in Ocean's Eleven (1960).
Chase was known as much for her acting ability, as for her acidulous wit and sometimes scathing criticism, leveled at her contemporaries in general and her peers in particular. A member of the social elite herself, she used her insight in her best-selling autobiography, 'Past Imperfect', written in 1942. The book brought her nationwide fame, taking gratuitous pot-shots at writers, actors and socialites alike. It eventually led to her hosting a radio program, "Luncheon at the Waldorf". She was also actively involved in a number of charities and a staunch advocate of wildlife preservation and protection.- Music Department
- Composer
- Writer
He was born Jacob Gershowitz, 26 September 1898, in Brooklyn, New York, of Russian-Jewish immigrants. As a boy he could play popular and classical works on his brother Ira's piano by ear. In 1913 he quit school to study music and began composing for Tin Pan Alley; by 1919 he had his first hit "Swanee" and his first Broadway show "La, La, Lucille." In less than three weeks in 1924 he composed "Rhapsody in Blue," originally for Paul Whiteman's relatively small swing band and later orchestrated by Ferde Grofé. "Concerto in F" followed the next year, and his musical success "Oh, Kay!" (which included "Someone to Watch Over Me") the year after that. Success continued: "Funny Face" (1927), the tone poem "American in Paris" (1928), "Girl Crazy" (1929), "Of Thee I Sing" (1931 the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize), and the first true American opera: "Porgy and Bess" (1935). He moved to Hollywood were his songs were performed by Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. In 1937 he fell in love with Paulette Goddard, then married to Charlie Chaplin. He was heartbroken that she would not leave her husband for him. When he fell ill, that June, it was written off as stress. A month later he died of a brain tumor, five hours after a failed surgical attempt to remove it. Funerals were hold in both Hollywood and New York.Plot: George Gershwin Mausoleum near the office- Music Department
- Composer
- Actor
Legendary, prolific composer, songwriter and author, educated at Townsend Harris Hall, City College of New York, and Columbia University. He began his career as a contributor to newspaper columns, and also worked for a touring carnival. His Broadway stage scores include "Two Little Girls in Blue" (written under the pseudonym 'Arthur Francis'), "Lady Be Good", "Tell Me More", "Tip-Toes", "Oh, Kay", "Funny Face", "Rosalie", "Treasure Girl", "Show Girl", "Strike Up the Band", "Girl Crazy", "Of Thee I Sing" (Pulitzer Prize, 1932), "Let 'Em Eat Cake", "Life Begins at 8:40", "Ziegfeld Follies of 1936", "Lady in the Dark", and "Park Avenue". Joining ASCAP in 1920, his chief musical collaborators was his brother George Gershwin, and also included Lewis Alter, Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Joseph Meyer, Sigmund Romberg, Arthur Schwartz, Harry Warren, Richard Whiting, Kurt Weill, Burton Lane, Vincent Youmans, Philip Charig, and E. Y. 'Yip' Harburg. His popular-song compositions include "The Real American Folk Song", "Oh, Me! Oh, My!", "Dolly", "I'll Build a Stairway to Paradise", "Fascinating Rhythm", "So Am I", "Oh, Lady Be Good", "The Half of It Dearie Blues", "Little Jazz Bird", "The Man I Love", "Kickin' the Clouds Away", "Looking for a Boy", "These Charming People", "That Certain Feeling", "Sweet and Low-Down", "Sunny Disposish", "Dear Little Girl", "Maybe", "Clap Yo' Hands", "Do Do Do", "Someone to Watch Over Me", "Strike Up the Band", "Let's Kiss and Make Up", "Funny Face", "'S Wonderful", "My One and Only", "He Loves and She Loves", "The Babbitt and the Bromide", "How Long Has This Been Going On?", "The One I'm Looking For", "I've Got a Crush on You", "Oh So Nice", "Where's the Boy, Here's the Girl", "Liza", "Soon", "Bidin' My Time", "Could You Use Me?", "Embraceable You", "Sam and Delilah", "I Got Rhythm", "But Not for Me", "Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!", "I Am Only Human After All", "Cheerful Little Earful", "Blah-Blah-Blah", "Wintergreen for President", "Love Is Sweeping the Country", "Of Thee I Sing (Baby)", "Who Cares?", "Hello, Good Morning", "Lorelei", "Isn't It a Pity?", "My Cousin in Milwaukee", "Mine", "You're a Builder-Upper", "Fun to be Fooled", "What Can You Say in a Love Song?", "Let's Take a Walk Around the Block", "I Got Plenty o' Nuttin'", "Bess, You Is My Woman Now", "It Ain't Necessarily So", "I Loves You, Porgy", "There's a Boat dat's Leavin' Soon for New York", "Island in the West Indies", "I Can't Get Started", "That Moment of Moments", "By Strauss", "Beginner's Luck", "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off", "Shall We Dance", "They All Laughed", "They Can't Take That Away from Me", "A Foggy Day", "Nice Work if You Can Get It", "I Was Doing All Right", "Love Is Here to Stay", "Love Walked In", "Spring Again", "One Life to Live" and many more.Plot: George Gershwin Mausoleum near the office- Ben Grauer was born on 2 June 1908 in Staten Island, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for The Town That Forgot God (1922), Does It Pay? (1923) and My Friend the Devil (1922). He was married to Melanie Kahane (deocorator). He died on 31 May 1977 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Actress
- Soundtrack
Judy Holliday was born Judith Tuvim in New York City on June 21, 1921. Her mother, a piano teacher, was attending a play when she went into labor and made it to the hospital just in time. Judy was an only child. By the age of four, her mother had her enrolled in ballet school which fostered a life-long interest in show business. Two years later her parents divorced. In high school, Judy began to develop an interest in theater. She appeared in several high school plays. After graduation, she got a job in the Orson Welles Mercury Theater as a switchboard operator. Judy worked her way on the stage with appearance in Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C. and New York City. Judy toured on the nightclub circuit with a group called "The Revuers" founded by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. She went to Hollywood to make her first foray into the film world in Greenwich Village (1944). Most of her scenes ended up on the cutting room floor. Disappointed, but not discouraged, Judy earned two more roles that year in Something for the Boys (1944) and Winged Victory (1944). In the latter, Judy had a few lines of dialogue. Judy returned to New York to continue her stage career. She returned to Hollywood after five years to appear in Adam's Rib (1949) as Doris Attinger opposite screen greats Katharine Hepburn, Spencer Tracy and Tom Ewell. With her success in that role, Judy was signed to play Billie Dawn in Born Yesterday (1950), a role which she originated on Broadway. She was nominated for and won the best actress Oscar for her performance. After filming The Marrying Kind (1952), Judy was summoned before the Un-American Activities Committee to testify about her political affiliations. Fortunately for her, she was not blacklisted as were many of her counterparts, but damage was done. Her film career was curtailed somewhat, but rebounded. She continued with her stage and musical efforts, but with limited time on the screen. After filming The Solid Gold Cadillac (1956), she was off-screen for four years. Her last film was the MGM production of Bells Are Ringing (1960) with Dean Martin and it was one of her best. Judy died two weeks before her 44th birthday in New York City on June 7, 1965.- Lucille Lortel was born on 16 December 1900 in New York City, New York, USA. She was an actress, known for Grounds for Murder (1930), Everything Happens to Me (1930) and Sessue Hayakawa in 'the Man Who Laughed Last' (1929). She was married to Louis Schweitzer. She died on 4 April 1999 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Actor
- Soundtrack
Tony Randall was born on February 26, 1920 in Tulsa, Oklahoma as Aryeh Leonard Rosenberg. He attended Tulsa Central High School and later Northwestern University and New York City's Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre. After graduating, he starred in two plays: George Bernard Shaw's 'Candida' alongside Jane Cowl and Emlyn Williams' 'The Corn Is Green' alongside Ethel Barrymore. After four years with the United States Army Signal Corps in World War II, Randall found work at Montgomery County's Olney Theatre before heading back to New York City to continue his acting career.
During the 1940s, Randall appeared mostly in supporting roles in Broadway plays. He was given his first leading role in 1955 with 'Inherit the Wind'. Randall managed to nab a Tony Award nomination for his starring role in 1958's 'Oh, Captain!', although the play itself bombed.
His first role in a feature film came about in 1957, playing a supporting character in the Ginger Rogers vehicle Oh, Men! Oh, Women! (1957). The same year, he received a Golden Globe nomination for his role as the titular writer for television advertising in the satirical comedy Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1957). Randall also lent his support to the three famous Doris Day-Rock Hudson pairings Pillow Talk (1959), Lover Come Back (1961), and Send Me No Flowers (1964), securing Golden Globe nominations for the former two. Randall worked quite prolifically throughout the 1960s; notable roles include a public relations employee in the Marilyn Monroe romantic musical Let's Make Love (1960), seven quite different characters in the oddball 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964), iconic detective Hercule Poirot in The Alphabet Murders (1965), an architect who inadvertently releases a djinn in the fantasy The Brass Bottle (1964), and a man who lives in an underwater house with his family in the adventure Hello Down There (1969).
Randall's first major television role was as a history teacher on Mister Peepers (1952); he joined the cast in 1955. After the series ended, he had numerous guest spots on such shows as The United States Steel Hour (1953), The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1962), Love, American Style (1969), and Here's Lucy (1968). He wouldn't return to TV in a major role until 1970, when he played sardonic neat freak Felix Unger in ABC's The Odd Couple (1970) opposite Jack Klugman. He earned Emmy nominations for each season, finally winning in 1975 for its last. He later starred in The Tony Randall Show (1976) as a Philadelphia judge, and Love, Sidney (1981) as a gay artist. The former earned him one Golden Globe nomination and the latter earned him two. He reunited with Jack Klugman for the 1993 TV movie The Odd Couple: Together Again (1993).
Both during and after his stints on TV, Randall had small roles in a few well-known films such as Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex * But Were Afraid to Ask (1972), The King of Comedy (1982), My Little Pony: The Movie (1986), and Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990). He continued to guest-star on television shows, but would never return to the small screen as a leading man. He also continued to work on-stage, albeit infrequently.
Randall passed away in his sleep on May 17, 2004 of pneumonia he had contracted following coronary bypass surgery in December 2003. He is survived by his wife, Heather Harlan, whom he wed in 1995, and their two children. Randall had previously been married to Florence Gibbs from 1938 until her death in 1992.- Additional Crew
- Director
- Writer
Max Reinhardt was from an Austrian merchant family (surname officially changed from the family name Goldmann to Reinhardt in 1904), and even as a boy, after his family moved to Vienna, he haunted the "Hofburg Theater" and tried to see every play. In 1890 he studied at the Sulkowsky Theater in Matzleinsdorf and started acting in Vienna and later at the "Stadtheater" in Salzburg with duties as an assistant director. But by 1894 he was invited to Berlin by Otto Brahm, director, critic, and theater manager. And that was an important juncture. Brahm had founded the "Free Stage" (1890), a theater company crusading for realism in German theater by providing a forum for so-called banned plays - the iconoclastic works, such as, those of Henrik Ibsen and Leo Tolstoy. The result was the opening of German state theater to the corpus of the modern stage by 1894. Brahm became director of the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, and there Reinhardt cut his teeth on the full theater experience, not simply acting alone, although he was much applauded for his convincing specialty of playing old men.
In 1901 Reinhardt co-founded his own - sort of avant garde - cabaret "Schall und Rauch" (Sound and Smoke) for experimental theater. It was renamed "Kleines Theater" (Small Theater) in 1902, a place for contemporary plays accented with the sort of spirit confined to cabaret entertainment. He then opened and managed his own theater "Neues Theater", now called the "Berliner Ensemble", from 1902 to 1905. These were all a part of his evolving philosophy of the harmony of stage design, costumes, language, music, and choreography as a whole unified artwork, Gesamtkunstwerk. He was influenced by several figures, August Strindberg for one, but most significantly by Richard Wagner and his operatic ideal that the director must pull together all aspects of art in his production. Reinhardt's infusion gave new dimensions to German theater. After producing more than fifty plays at Neues Theater, wherein he always found somebody to donate the money for productions, he was asked to take the helm of Deutsches Theater in Berlin for Brahm in 1905. At Deutsches Theater he embarked on big theater, employing the whole physical theater space for productions and often even spreading scenes into the audience as a means of fusing actors and audience in a total theater experience. Here was something different - making theater a democratic institution - after all the audience was the means of generating the money to do more. And Reinhardt was never avant garde enough to disdain making profit when it finally came knocking. He staged truly gargantuan productions of epic pageantry and lighting with stark colors for various dramatic effects. He staged one of his most famous early productions, his first rendition of Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" with a wooded forest revolving stage - turning to reveal progressive new scenes. He became famous for realistic direction of huge crowd and mob scenes.
He built the smaller Kammerspiele, a theater near Deutsches Theater in 1906. At this latter theater Reinhardt developed "Kammerspiel" theater, chamber dramas in a minimalist and naturalistic style. This followed from his expressionist influences which defied the realist dictum (though he would look to realism as well in the mix to appropriately stage some of his most ambitious efforts) and sought out more personal, expressive, and emphatic ways of coaxing the elements of theater from the conventional objective into palpable subjectivity. This all opened Reinhardt to even more experimental ideas in staging with sometimes nightmarish and vivid lighting techniques. He began introducing the expressionist plays to the German-speaking public. And he also opened a famous acting school which would function for decades turning out many of Germany's great actors and actresses. In addition there was a acting troupe that played in neutral areas of Europe during World War I. On the bill was always a cycle of Shakespeare plays. Reinhardt did everything in a big way and to accommodate a growing enthusiastic theater-going public he had expanded with a chain of theaters throughout Germany. He would manage thirty theaters and acting companies in all.
Reihardt fulfilled another of his ideals, and that was of finding the 'perfect playhouse' as a means of complementing the content and experience of a play. In 1919 he opened an enormous arena theater, the "Grosses Schauspielhaus", (Great Playhouse), but known as the "Theatre of the Five Thousand", which included a large revolving stage. Many of his biggest productions were done here, including Shakespeare and Greek plays. In the 1920s he built the two Boulevard Theaters on the Kurfürstendamm in Berlin. And yet, the privations of post-war Germany and the perennial anti-Semitic undercurrent caused a gradual loss of his big audiences. In 1920 Reinhardt went back to Salzburg and established the Salzburg Festival with composer Richard Strauss and playwright Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Annually he enjoyed staging the most apropos of morality plays, the medieval "Everyman", with the biggest set he could muster as a backdrop-the Austrian Alps in the open air before the Salzburg Cathedral. From 1924 he became director of the Theater in der Josefstadt in Vienna and renewed his Berlin popularity with a new theater called "Komoedie". His output was no less than astounding. Whereas a theater director today would not commit himself beyond two or three productions in a year, Reinhardt averaged twenty in his first twelve years. Between 1916 and 1917 he produced 48 - his highest output. Although he did few films, he was very interested in the potential of the medium. He directed four silent movies starting in 1910. One of these was the filming of one his favorite pantomime plays "The Miracle".
Reinhardt was a titan of influence and inspiration on a whole generation of theater and film directors in Germany-many who spread the word to the rest of the world. His disciples included: F.W. Murnau, Paul Leni, Ernst Lubitsch, William Dieterle , and Otto Preminger. His staging of crowds and use of lighting were frequently appropriated by the great silent filmmakers of the Weimar Republic, including 'Fritz Lang' and Murnau. And he profoundly influenced the expressionist movement in German film. He also influenced many actors with his techniques of developing expressive characterizations and movement-many would eventually come to New York and Hollywood. But by 1933 Hitler had come to power, and Reinhardt found himself falling victim to the same methods of attrition as other German Jews. So-called assimilative families of ethnic mixtures, whether high or low, were increasing placed in the same category as ethnic Jews. His theaters were `appropriated' one-by-one by the government and later his considerable properties confiscated. Later in 1933 he moved back to Austria to the "Theater in der Josefstadt" in Vienna (where Preminger had quickly become a director), hoping his native land could resist the Nazi machine. But the same pressures enveloped him there. He left for a last theater tour of Europe and arrived in America in 1934. "Midsummer" had a special significance for Reinhardt. The play was his continued inspiration of a world without ideologies - a utopia - as the theater itself was a haven from the harsh realities of the world and of the individual. The audience learned something, but they also could steep themselves without taxing imagination in the illusion of theater. "Midsummer" was always a work-in-progress for him - he had staged it twelve times up to 1934, and in fact had already brought it to Broadway in late 1927. And that was not his first trip to the US, having started presenting plays as producer, director, or writer since early 1912 there (he did ten productions in all to 1943).
He came to Hollywood in 1934 with his fame preceding him. His last tour through Europe had included lavish productions in Florence (1933) and a"Midsummer" at Oxford (1934). He offered to do the same in Hollywood at an ideal outdoor stage-the Hollywood Bowl. But the bowl had to go - it was removed to provide a view of a "forest" up the hillside - a "forest" that required tons of dirt hauled in especially for its planting, Reinhardt and his design staff erected a 250-foot wide, 100-foot deep stage. Also included was a pond and a suspension bridge or trestle constructed from the hills in back to the stage to be lined with torchbearers - with real flaming torches - for the wedding procession inserted between Acts IV and V. This lavish production included a ballet corps, children playing faeries, and hundreds of extras. The 18-year-old Olivia de Havilland was at Mills College in Oakland, participating in a school "Midsummer" production where in attendance was none other than Max Reinhardt himself. He was so impressed with her that he picked her for his extravaganza. Along with other Hollywood actors, was 14 year old veteran of the cinema 'Mickey Rooney', added to the cast as Puck. Another new arrival from Austria was classical opera composer Erich Wolfgang Korngold, musical collaborator of Reinhardt's from Vienna. Reinhardt cabled his friend to come over and help him by doing the orchestrations of Felix Mendelssohn's famous 1843 music for the Hollywood Bowl production. It was a night to remember - even for Jack L. Warner - who was not always sure of what he was seeing. But it was enough to sign Reinhardt to direct a filmed version of A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935) which began shooting in December of 1934. De Havilland was back to start her film career-Rooney for another memorable part. Otherwise, it was new cast headed by Hollywood stars 'Dick Powell' and James Cagney and boasting the best actors from Warner's impressive stock company of players. Since Reinhardt did not know Hollywood filmmaking, Warner assigned a co-director, William Dieterle, Reinhardt's acting then directing protege, from the Deutsches Theater days in Berlin. Dieterle, the disciple, had directed in Germany since 1923 and then came to Hollywood to become one of the studio's most reliable new directors. It was the beginning of Korngold's screen career as a film composer when he was hired to do the film score, an arrangement based on Mendelssohn's music used at the Bowl. But he actually mixed in much more of a variety of the composer's music to fit the play. Warner's laid down 1.5 million dollars and had its top technical staff step up to the challenge. But all-most of all, Reinhardt - was on a bit of a learning curve. Reinhardt was allowed the liberty of long play-like rehearsals instead of rehearsing scene by scene. Reinhardt's early over-emphasized stage acting directions were recalled by Cagney, who noted the actors often stood around on the sidelines whispering to one another, "Somebody ought to tell him." It was the politic Dieterle who did - setting his old master straight as to the subtle wonders of the microphone and sound film techniques. Shakespeare's lines were cut for public consumption, but there was so much to see - who would notice. In Depression era America the movie theater had taken the place of Reinhardt's all encompassing theater as a haven - and that was certainly fine with him. And here was a feast for starving souls. Reinhardt's multi-faceted approach to theater shone in all its entertaining best-through Warner stage design efficiency. There was the realist extravagance in forested backdrops, but the wonderful ballet of the coming of night with dancer Nini Theilade was distilled expressionism. Other ballet sequences featuring the fairies-children and adults - were choreographed by 'Bronislava Nijinska' (the great Nijinsky's sister). Reinhardt conjured all his and the camera's magic to create the summation of a lifetime of stagecraft. His imaginative wizardry with lighting put the remarkable glow on the faces of Cagney and his motley peasant comrades as they rehearsed - on the dancing faeries in their sequins - on the enchanted sparkle of shimmering (painted and tensiled) woods and veiled atmosphere that awaited the gaiety of Titania and the black looks of King Oberon. Everything of British and German folklore was thrown in for good measure - from gossamer English faeries and magic animals to rather frightening, rubber-masked dwarfs dressed as Teutonic gnomes and goblins. Reinhardt fuzzed and gauzed the camera lens and even put scintillating borders and covers of various sorts on the camera cowling to frame some faerie scenes as if from a Victorian painting by English artists Richard Dadd and Joseph Noel Paton-obvious influences. The movie was not a box office success, but it was Hollywood history-salute to Shakespeare? - certainly - but more so, a great event of melting pot talent and modern film making that was Hollywood coupled with profound European stage traditions that began with Max Reinhardt. He - by the way - did no more films, perhaps deciding that the real challenge was still the stage. But this one record on sound film measures the genius of the man of theater and gives today a glimpse of his creative powers and something of what his stage productions were like. He was more interested in continuing working on-stage as a director and producer, but he did not forsake Hollywood. With his second wife actress 'Helene Thimig', from a famous Viennese acting family, he split his time between the coasts. He found a Hollywood-based theater workshop and an acting school in New York. All of Reinhardt's productions were tallied - just from 1905 to 1930 - and found to total 23,374 performances of 452 plays - and still a little short. His wide-eyed exuberance for spreading out a great show was indicative of the child in Max Reinhardt. He betrayed that very comparison unashamedly: "Theater is the happiest haven for those who have secretly put their childhood in their pockets, so that they can continue to play to the end of their days."- Writer
- Music Department
- Additional Crew
Broadway impresario Billy Rose was born William Samuel Rosenberg on September 9, 1899, in The Bronx, New York. Known as "The Little Napoleon of Showmanship," the diminutive Rose made his name and his legend as a producer, writer, lyricist, composer, director and theatre owner/operator, as well as the husband of "Funny Girl" Fanny Brice.
Young Billy Rosenberg grew up in the immigrant neighborhoods of Manhattan's Lower East Side. He attended New York City's High School of Commerce, and after graduating, he was trained in shorthand by John Robert Gregg. The 16-year-old Rose won a high-speed dictation contest and went to work in Washington, DC, as the shorthand reporter for the War Industries Board in 1917. As a stenographer, he served the great financier Bernard Baruch, who was the head of the Board, during World War I.
Rose first made a name for himself as a lyricist, mostly in collaboration with other songwriters, writing the lyrics to such famous songs as "Me and My Shadow" and "It's Only a Paper Moon" (the latter co-written with E.Y. Harburg). His first hit, a collaboration with Con Conrad, was 1923's "Barney Google," inspired by the comic strip character. Other hits included the novelty song "Does the Spearmint Lose Its Flavor on the Bedpost Overnight?" and "That Old Gang of Mine."
Rose's biographer Earl Conrad wrote that Rose likely didn't write many of the songs he was credited with, other than adding an idea or a phrase or two, but publishers wanted to credit him as the lyricist to boost sales, and his collaborators didn't mind as Rose was successful at plugging "his" songs. Ira Gershwin claimed that Rose, who shares equal credit for "their" song "Cheerful Little Earful," added only a minor change to a single line. Other Rose "co-writers" claimed that Rose insisted upon being credited as an author when he came up with a clever title for their song. Rose's collaborators gave in to his demands because he was a brilliant negotiator who was able to wrest the best terms from music publishers, thus boosting their royalties even when Rose's share was subtracted. Rose would become famous, and infamous, for his hardball business tactics when he became a producer.
Rose had earned respect as a lyricist, and he was undoubtedly unmatched when it came to thinking up great titles for Tin Pan Alley songs. Rose was a great "titles" man who thought up "I Found a Million Dollar Baby (In a Five and Ten-Cent Store)," for Harry Warren and Mort Dixon. They knew that the title alone would ensure the song's success and did not begrudge him authorship credit.
In 1931 Rose was one of the three founders, along with George M. Meyer and Edgar Leslie, of the Songwriters Protective Association (SPA), now known as The Songwriters Guild of America. Created to advance, promote and benefit the songwriting profession, the SPA issued the first Standard Uniform Popular Songwriters Contract in 1932. The SPA was resisted bitterly by music publishers, but the solidarity of the songwriters eventually won its acceptance. Even those songwriters who didn't join the Guild benefited from the SPA's existence because its contracts raised the level of individual publisher's boilerplate contracts. Rose served as the president of the SPA for three years.
Billy Rose married Fanny Brice, the legendary comedienne and singer from Ziegfeld's Follies, in 1929. He produced his first show, the musical revue "Sweet and Low," in 1930. The revue, which opened at Chanin's 46th Street Theatre on November 17, 1930, featured music by Rose and performances by Brice, George Jessel and Arthur Treacher, running for a total of 184 performances. His next two Broadway shows, the 1931 musical revue "Billy Rose's Crazy Quilt" (a reworking of "Sweet and Low"), which was produced, directed, and written by Rose and featured Brice and Ted Healy, closed after only 79 performances at the 44th Street Theatre. He next produced Ben Hecht's drama "The Great Magoo" at the Selwyn Theatre in 1932, and it flopped, lasting but 11 performances. Rose wouldn't produce another Broadway show until 1941, when Clifford Odets's "Clash by Night," starring Tallulah Bankhead and Lee J. Cobb and directed by Lee Strasberg, lasted only 49 performances.
Rose reinvented himself as a showman in 1934. For the second year of the Chicago World's Fair, known officially as "A Century of Progress International Exposition," Rose constructed a huge dinner theatre, Casa Manana, that featured a huge revolving stage on which ecdysiast Sally Rand performed. Rand, whom he had purloined from the "Streets of Paris" concession run by rival impresario Mike Todd, did her "bubble dance" on the revolving stage. The "bubble dance," in which the petite Sally appeared with a large balloon that was as tall as she was, was the enticing sequel to her fabled "fan dance" that had made her a hot number and led to her arrest the year before. This second year of bare-bottomed ballyhoo by Rand helped consolidated her fame as well as make Billy Rose successful again. The great Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. himself had been a promoter at the famous Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893, where he presented the strongman Sandow.
Rose went back to Broadway as a producer. He produced the extravaganza "Jumbo" at New York's Hippodrome Theatre, which stretched a full city block, at a cost of $350,000 (approximately $5.8 million in 2005 dollars), the highest budget for a Broadway show at that time. The show combined a Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart musical with circus acts, including aerial stunts, high-wire acts and wild animals. Headlined by the great comic Jimmy Durante, and Paul Whiteman, then known as "The King of Jazz," the show garnered good reviews. Despite playing for 233 performances to full houses, "Jumbo" failed to become profitable due to its exorbitant cost. It did, however, make Billy Rose famous.
He produced "Sally Rand's Nude Ranch" at the 1936 Fort Worth Centennial as part of his Casa Manana show at the fairgrounds. The "Ranch" consisted of 18 girls clad in cowboy boots, a cowboy hat, a green bandanna and a short skirt. These wild gals of the naked west were "branded" (rubberstamped) with a large SR on their rumps. Rand was paid $1,000 a week (apprxomimately $13,500 in 2005 dollars) as the headliner of the act.
In 1937 Rose introduced The Aquacade at Cleveland's Great Lakes Exposition. A floating amphitheater, the Aquacade featured water ballet and hundreds of swimmers, including former Olympic swimming champ Johnny Weissmuller, more famous as the cinema's "Tarzan," and Olympian Eleanor Holm. At the height of the Great Depression, a group of New York City businessmen decided to create an international exposition for the Big Town, and the New York World's Fair was realized in 1939. Rose had returned to New with his "Billy Rose's Aquacade," which was the hit of the World's Fair. The Aquacade remained the hit attraction of the World's Fair the following year, despite his nemesis Mike Todd's attempt to box him in with his neighboring attraction, Gay New Orleans. The water show was billed as "a brilliant 'girl' show of spectacular size and content" (years later, a bankrupt Todd would try his own variation of the Aquacade at Jones Beach).
Rose, who had divorced Fanny Brice in 1938, married Eleanor Holm in 1939. Their marriage would last 15 years before it broke up in spectacular fashion worthy of the Rose reputation.
Rose took the Aquacade to San Francisco for that city's world's fair in 1940. He also opened Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe nightclub in New York that year, which was the sensation of the city with its vaudeville-style entertainment, including a chorus line of 250-pound women. Rose's nightclub, which helped launch the career of its choreographer Gene Kelly, was featured in a 1945 movie.
Rose was famous for his huge ego. When he applied for the position with the government as the head of military entertainment during World War II, he wrote in a letter to the commanding general that the job should be his, not just because he knew everyone and had done everything in show business, but because he had also "paid over a million dollars in taxes last year!" Rose was passed over for the position.
In 1943, Rose produced Oscar Hammerstein II's "Carmen Jones," an operetta with an all-African American cast based on Georges Bizet's 19th-century opera "Carmen." With a World War IIcontemporary narrative told from an African-American viewpoint, it was a huge hit. The NY Telegraph called it "far and away the best show in New York," while The NY Times said it was "beautifully done . . . just call it wonderful." The show played for 502 performances.
Billy Rose made the cover of the June 2, 1947, edition of "Time" magazine, which featured a painting of Rose amidst a circle of women's well-turned-out gams. The cover story, entitled "Sweet Corn at Glen Island," was about Rose's new nightclub, the refurbished Glen Island Casino, which opened with saxophonist Tex Beneke heading Glenn Miller and His Orchestra. In 1944 Billy Rose bought the old Ziegfeld Theatre at 54th St. and 6th Ave., which had been a movie house for the previous 11 years, and turned it back into a legitimate theater. It remained a theater for 11 more years, until NBC acquired it and turned it into a TV studio. Before being turned back into a grindhouse, albeit of the TV variety, Rose's Ziegfeld Theatre presented many top entertainments, including "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes," the Laurence Olivier-Vivien Leigh twin-bill "Casear and Cleopatra"/"Antony and Cleopatra," "Porgy and Bess" and "Kismet." Rose lived in an apartment above the Ziegfeld, where he reportedly carried on numerous affairs. When his ex-lover Joyce Mathews, the ex-wife of Milton Berle, slit her wrists in his bathroom, it became a major scandal fanned by the New York tabloids. The notoriety led to messy divorce from his second wife Eleanor Holm, which the press called "The War of the Roses" (after his divorce from Holm, Rose wed Matthews in 1956; the marriage ended in divorce three years later, although they briefly remarried. Rose subsequently married Doris Warner Vidor in 1964, but she filed for divorce after just six months on the grounds of "extreme mental cruelty").
In 1947 Rose began writing a syndicated newspaper column, "Pitching Horseshoes," that featured illustrated stories recounted by Rose. One of the illustrators was future Oscar-winning actor Martin Landau, who was then a staff cartoonist on the NY Daily News. The column eventually appeared in over 200 newspapers, and excerpts were used by Rose in his autobiography "Wine, Women and Words," which was illustrated by Salvador Dalí.
In its June 12, 1950, edition, "Time" Magazine ran a piece entitled "Billy Rose Gives A Party" in which it noted the similarity between a Rose story in his "Pitching Horseshoes" column and a short story written by Evelyn Waugh. Both featured downcast and absent-minded women who died broken-hearted after they staged a party, but no one came, as they had forgotten to send out the invitations. When queried for his reaction, '"Time" reported that "Rose, who had never read the Waugh story [said]: 'It's one of those stinking, unbelievable coincidences.'"
In 1950 Rose hosted The Billy Rose Show (1950) on the ABC television network, a 30-minute dramatic series that debuted on October 3. The show, which was directed by Broadway legend Jed Harris, featured adaptations of stories that had appeared in "Pitching Horseshoes." Two of the shows were entitled "The Night Billy Rose Shoulda Stood in Bed" and "The Night They Made a Bum out of Helen Hayes." Among the actors appearing on the show were the Broadway actors Alfred Drake, Leo G. Carroll and Burgess Meredith. The show was canceled on March 27, 1951.
In 1954 at the Royale Theatre, Rose produced an adaptation of 'Andre Gide''s novel "The Immoralist," starring Geraldine Page and Louis Jordan. The play, which ran for 96 performances, featured James Dean's last performance on Broadway. Dean won a 1954 Theatre World Award portraying the lusty Arab boy Bachir, who seduces the repressed homosexual Michel, played by Jourdan, with an electrifying "scissors dance." In 1959 the National Theatre was renamed the Billy Rose Theatre (it still exists as the Nederlander Theatre) and opened under Rose's management with a revival of George Bernard Shaw's "Heartbreak House" starring Maurice Evans, who had broken Edwin Booth's record as Hamlet in a production produced by Mike Todd.
One of Rose's last major contributions to the theater was providing his theater for the staging of the latest play by Edward Albee, who had shocked the establishment with the vulgarity of his "Zoo Story." His new play, "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", opened at the Billy Rose Theater on October 13, 1962, and closed on May 16, 1964, after a total of 664 performances. The production, which cost $42,000 to mount (approximately $260,000 in 2005 dollars), won five Tony Awards for Best Play, Best Producer, Best Director, Best Actor and Best Actress. It was the sensation of the theatrical season, if not of the decade of the 1960s. In addition to providing the theater, Rose also was one of the angels for the play.
Rose once again took over operation of the Ziegfeld Theatre when NBC gave up the lease. The last two shows to appear in Billy Rose's lifetime, at the Ziegfeld, where "An Evening with Maurice Chevalier" and a Danny Kaye revue, both in 1963. The Ziegfeld Theatre subsequently was razed to make room for a skyscraper.
Billy Rose donated his collection of sculptures to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. To house the collection, Isamu Noguchi designed the Billy Rose Sculpture Garden from 1960-65, in which the sculptures were placed in courtyards with sparse vegetation, stone-paved terraces, and intimate spaces.
Billy Rose died of lobar pneumonia on February 10, 1966, at his vacation home in Montego Bay, Jamaica. He was 66 years old.
The collection of performance materials at The New York Public Library was named after Rose. The Billy Rose Theatre Collection is one of the greatest theatrical archives in the world, covering the performance arts in all their diversity. The Collection's holdings cover virtually every type of performance art, including drama, musical theatre, film, television, radio, the circus, magic, vaudeville, and puppetry.Plot: Mausoleum across the drive from the Gershwin mausoleum and near the cemetery entrance.- Writer
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Robert Rossen was born on 16 March 1908 in New York City, New York, USA. He was a writer and director, known for The Hustler (1961), All the King's Men (1949) and Alexander the Great (1956). He was married to Sarah (Sue) Siegel. He died on 18 February 1966 in New York City, New York, USA.- Actor
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Ron Silver was born on 2 July 1946 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor and director, known for Timecop (1994), Reversal of Fortune (1990) and Find Me Guilty (2006). He was married to Lynne Miller. He died on 15 March 2009 in New York City, New York, USA.Plot: Block- Actor
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Famed acting teacher Lee Strasberg was born Israel Strassberg in Budzanov, Austria-Hungary (now Budanov, Ukraine). Brought to America as a child, he had a brief acting career, before becoming one of the founders of the Group Theatre in 1931, directing a number of plays there. His greatest influence, however, was through the Actors Studio, where he became director in 1950. A proponent of "method" acting, which he adapted from the "system" brought to America by Konstantin Stanislavski's disciple--and Marlon Brando's mentor--Stella Adler, he influenced several generations of actors, from James Dean to Dustin Hoffman. Film audiences would know him best as gangster Hyman Roth in The Godfather Part II (1974).- Additional Crew
Paula Strasberg was born on 8 March 1909 in New York City, New York, USA. She is known for ABC Stage 67 (1966) and The Arlene Francis Show (1957). She was married to Lee Strasberg and Harry Stein. She died on 29 April 1966 in New York City, New York, USA.- Producer
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David Susskind was born on 19 December 1920 in New York City, New York, USA. He was a producer and writer, known for Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), Eleanor and Franklin (1976) and Ages of Man (1966). He was married to Joyce Davidson and Phyllis Briskin. He died on 22 February 1987 in New York City, New York, USA.- Robert Tisch was born on 29 April 1926 in Brooklyn, New York, USA. He was married to Joan Tisch. He died on 15 November 2005 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA.
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Roberta Peters was born on 4 May 1930 in New York City, New York, USA. She was an actress, known for City Hall (1996), The Captive (2014) and Die Zauberflöte (1964). She was married to Bertram Fields and Robert Merrill. She died on 18 January 2017 in Rye, New York, USA.- Producer
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At the tender age of 15, Gilbert Gottfried began doing stand-up at open mike nights in New York City and, after a few short years, became known around town as "the comedian's comedian". After spending several years mastering the art of stand-up comedy, producers of the legendary NBC late-night comedy show Saturday Night Live (1975) became aware of Gottfried and, in 1980, hired him as a cast member. It was not until a few years later that his notoriety began after MTV hired him for a series of improvised and hilarious promos for the newly formed channel. This led to several television appearances on The Cosby Show (1984).
Gottfried's work in television soon led to roles in film. Most notable was his improvised scene as business manager "Sidney Bernstein" in Beverly Hills Cop II (1987). The New York Daily News critic wrote that "Gilbert Gottfried steals the picture with a single scene". Aside from his glowing reputation in comedy clubs, Gottfried gained a reputation as the king of quirky roles in both movies and television. He appeared in such movies as Problem Child (1990), Problem Child 2 (1991), Look Who's Talking Too (1990), and The Adventures of Ford Fairlane (1990). He was also the host of the very popular late night movie series Up All Night (1989).
After his performance as the wise cracking parrot "Iago" in the Disney classic Aladdin (1992), Gottfried became one of the most recognizable voice-over talents. His signature voice was heard in several commercials, cartoons and movies, including the frustrated duck in the AFLAC Insurance commercials. Gottfried was the voice of Digit in the long-running PBS series Cyberchase (2002).
Gottfried was a regular on the new Hollywood Squares (1998) and was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (1992) and Howard Stern on Demand (2005). He appeared in the hit comedy documentary The Aristocrats (2005), with Entertainment Weekly opining that, "out of the 101 comedians who appear on screen, no one is funnier - or more disgusting - than Gilbert Gottfried".
"Gilbert Gottfried Dirty Jokes" was recently released on both DVD and CD, featuring 50 non-stop minutes of Gottfried telling the funniest and filthiest jokes, ever. The show was filmed live at the Gotham Comedy Club in New York City. Also featured on the DVD are some of the funniest bonus features ever, including wild stories, indignant ranting and celebrity impressions. For this live performance, Gottfried put aside political correctness and fires an onslaught of jokes that know no boundaries. At the end of the show, Gottfried told what is known among comedians as the "Dirtiest Joke of All Time", the basis for The Aristocrats (2005). He was one of the most sought-after comedians, and regularly performed live to sold-out audiences across North America.
Gottfried died of ventricular tachycardia at the age of 67, leaving behind his wife, his two children, and his sister, Karen.- Actor
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Murray the K was born Murray Kaufman in New York, New York, on 14 February 1922. After an early career as a song-plugger, he moved into radio and in 1958 joined 1010 WINS. He remained there for seven years, becoming the most popular New York radio DJ. He was an early supporter of singer Bobby Darin, inspired and then 'broke' his hit single, 'Splish-Splash', and made a guest appearance on his "This is Your Life" TV tribute in late 1959.
In 1964, he was one of the first Americans to interview The Beatles, firstly by phone, later joining them in their hotel suite. From then on he acted as their "Mr. Fix-it", arranging for them to visit all the best clubs and restaurants. He also championed their records and for a while, he dubbed himself "the fifth Beatle" and became a trusted friend of the group during their American tours, though not of manager Brian Epstein, who apparently resented his considerable influence.
He left WINS in 1965 and later resurfaced as a presenter on WOR-FM - the first FM rock station.
Married six times, he died of cancer on 21 February 1982, in Los Angeles, California.