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1-32 of 32
- Director
- Cinematographer
- Producer
Eadweard Muybridge was born in Kingston upon Thames, England, to John and Susanna Muggeridge. At the age of 20 he immigrated to the United States as a bookseller, first to New York City, then to San Francisco. In 1860, he planned a return trip to Europe, but suffered serious head injuries en route in a stagecoach crash in Texas. He spent the next few years recuperating in Kingston upon Thames, where he took up professional photography, learned the wet-plate collodion process, and secured at least two British patents for his inventions. He returned to San Francisco in 1867, a man with a markedly changed personality. In 1868, he exhibited large photographs of Yosemite Valley, and began selling popular stereographs of his work. His great breakthrough came in 1872 when he was hired by wealthy American businessman and former California governor Leland Stanford, who later founded Stanford University. Stanford was interested in whether horses lifted all legs off the ground at once during trotting, and Muybridge was engaged to take photographs to settle the point. Although the experiment proved inconclusive at the time, Muybridge was re-engaged for further photographic studies in 1878. Using a battery of 12 cameras set side by side and a specially marked fence along the racetrack to pinpoint the horse's precise movements, Muybridge effectively created the first true study of motion. By January 1880 he invented zoopraxiscope to project his famous chronophotographic pictures in motion and thus prove that these were authentic. The projector used glass disks onto which Muybridge had an unidentified artist paint the sequences as silhouettes. Later, his more-detailed images were hand-coloured and marketed commercially. A device he developed was later regarded as an early movie projector, and the process was an intermediate stage toward motion pictures or cinematography. From 1883 to 1886, he entered a very productive period at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, producing over 100,000 images of animals and humans in motion. In his later years, Muybridge gave many public lectures and demonstrations of his photography and early motion picture sequences, travelling frequently in England and Europe to publicise his work in cities such as London and Paris. He also edited and published compilations of his work (some of which are still in print today), which greatly influenced visual artists and the developing fields of scientific and industrial photography. He retired to his native England permanently in 1894. In 1904, the year of his death, the Kingston Museum opened in his hometown, and continues to house a substantial collection of his works in a dedicated gallery.- Hector Malot was born on 20 May 1830 in La Bouille, Seine-Inférieure [now Seine-Maritime], France. He was a writer, known for Ai no machi (1928), Sans famille (1914) and Sans famille (1925). He was married to Marthe Oudinot de la Faverie and Anna Dariès. He died on 17 July 1907 in Fontenay-sous-Bois, Seine [now Val-de-Marne], France.
- Charles Manley was born on 25 September 1830 in Ireland. He was an actor, known for Uncle Josh in a Spooky Hotel (1900), Uncle Josh's Nightmare (1900) and Uncle Josh at the Moving Picture Show (1902). He was married to Amelia Badeau Marcher and Marie ?. He died on 26 February 1916 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (18 August 1830 - 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 2 December 1848 until his death. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation. He was the longest-reigning ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as the longest-reigning emperor and seventh-longest-reigning monarch of any country in history
- Writer
- Additional Crew
- Soundtrack
Emily Dickinson, a shy, unassuming, educated woman, was a poet of extraordinary talent. During her lifetime, only seven of her poems were published, although upon her death, she had written an amazing 2,000 poems. Many of these were not finished. Her grandfather, Samuel Fowler Dickinson, was one of the founders of Amherst College, and her father served as the lawyer and treasurer for the institution. Her father was a politician, and served in powerful positions on the General Court of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts State Senate, and the United States House of Representatives. She suffered from persistent eye problems for most of her life. After the late 1860s, Dickinson never left the boundaries of her family's property in Massachusetts, and prior to that, had traveled seldom. Living a life of seclusion, she daydreamed and read, and thankfully, wrote some of the most inspiring, creative poems of her generation. For inspiration and reference, she often drew from the Bible, classical mythology, and Shakespeare. The year preceding her death she was bedridden. Dickinson died at age 55 in her family's home where she had lived her entire life.- Director
- Producer
- Cinematographer
Étienne-Jules Marey was a French scientist, physiologist, and chronophotagrapher. Marley started out by studying blood circulation in the human body. He then shifted to analyzing heart beats, respiration, muscles, and movement of the body. In 1869, Marey constructed a very delicate artificial insect to show how an insect flies and to demonstrate the figure-8 shape it produced during movement of its wings. Then he became fascinated by movements of air and started to study bigger flying animals, like birds. He adopted and further developed animated photography into a separate field of chronophotography in the 1880s. Marey's chronophotographic gun was made in 1882, this instrument was capable of taking 12 consecutive frames a second, with all the frames recorded on the same picture. Using these pictures he studied horses, birds, dogs, sheep, donkeys, elephants, fish, microscopic creatures, molluscs, insects, reptiles, etc. Some call it Marey's "animated zoo". Marey also conducted the famous study about cats always landing on their feet. He conducted very similar studies with a chicken and a dog and found that they could do almost the same. In 1890 he published a substantial volume entitled Le Vol des Oiseaux (The Flight of Birds), richly illustrated with photographs, drawings, and diagrams. He also created stunningly precise sculptures of various flying birds. Marey also made movies. They were at a high speed (60 images per second) and of excellent image quality. His research on how to capture and display moving images helped the emerging field of cinematography. Towards the end of his life he returned to studying the movement of quite abstract forms, like a falling ball. His last great work was the observation and photography of smoke trails. Also, in 1901 he was able to build a smoke machine with 58 smoke trails. It became one of the first aerodynamic wind tunnels. Marey died on May 15th, 1904.- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil is a British statesman, serving as prime minister three times for a total of over thirteen years. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the last prime minister to serve his term while a member of the House of Lords (Alec Douglas-Home was very briefly a member of the House of Lords at the start of his premiership, but he renounced his peerage and subsequently sat in the House of Commons).
- Porfirio Diaz, known for his long and autocratic rule of Mexico and his disdain for the poorer classes, was actually born into a lower-middle-class Spanish / Mixtec Indian family in Oaxaca. His father was a blacksmith and an innkeeper and died when Porfirio was only three years old. He was educated by the Catholic church in what was to be his preparation for entering the priesthood, but by age 16 Diaz realized he had no intention of becoming a priest. Many men of Oaxaca had joined the Mexican army to fight in the Mexican-American War of 1846, and at 18 Diaz did the same, but the war ended before he saw combat. He left the army and returned to Oaxaca to study law. There he became acquainted with Benito Juarez, the state's governor. The civil war of 1854 pitted Juarez and his liberal reformers against the dictatorship of Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna--of "the Alamo" fame--and his supporters, mainly wealthy landowners and the Catholic Church. Diaz came out squarely on Juarez's side, and fled Oaxaca to join Juarez's revolutionary army. Diaz proved to be an able commander and defeated Santa Anna's forces in several key battles, earning a promotion to general. Juarez eventually triumphed and Santa Anna fled Mexico, but the victory didn't last long. Mexico was soon invaded by the French, on the pretext of collecting on loans from French bankers that Mexico couldn't pay. They overthrew Juarez and installed a member of the Hapsburg royal family as ruler, calling him Emperor Maximilian. Diaz again fought with Juarez against this French occupation, and upon Maximilian's overthrow and execution, Diaz resigned from the army and retired to Oaxaca. Juarez died and was succeeded by Sebastian Lerdo, whose administration was racked by internal squabbles, chaos and rebellions. Diaz was persuaded to lead a rebellion against Lerdo, and in 1876 Diaz's forces drove out Lerdo after defeating his army in several battles. Diaz took Mexico City and became president.
At first his regime instituted many needed reforms, settled the national debt and embarked on an ambitious program to modernize the country, bringing railroads and telegraph services to many areas of Mexico that didn't have them. He was succeeded at the end of his term in 1880 by his former Minister of War, but ran for president in the 1884 election and won handily. However, his administration grew more repressive the longer it stayed in power, and eventually it became allied with the very forces it had once fought. Diaz wanted to bring foreign investment into the country, and to that end he instituted a controversial program of wholesale "evacuations" of the poor from the cities to the countryside, so that foreign investors and tourists wouldn't see them and would be more inclined to invest their money in Mexico. Eventually his autocratic rule and repressive policies resulted in a series of rebellions and uprisings, led by such legendary Mexican figures as Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano Carranza, among others. In 1913 these leaders combined their forces in a final assault on Mexico City, Diaz's seat of government, defeated his armies and forced him to flee the country. Ironically, although he came to power in Mexico largely because of his fight against the French, he wound up spending his exile in Paris, where he died in 1915. - Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach was born on 13 September 1830 in Schloss Zdislawitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire [now Zdislavice, Kromeríz, Czech Republic]. She was a writer, known for Heimatland (1955), Ruf der Wälder (1965) and Krambambuli (1940). She was married to Moritz von Ebner-Eschenbach. She died on 12 March 1916 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary [now in Austria].
- Writer
- Actor
Frédéric Mistral was born on 8 September 1830 in Maillane, Provence, France. He was a writer and actor, known for Mireille (1934), Mireille's Sincere Love (1909) and Mireille (1922). He was married to Marie Louise Aimée Rivière. He died on 25 March 1914 in Maillane, Provence, France.- Helen Hunt Jackson was born on 18 October 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. She was a writer, known for Ramona (1916), Ramona (1946) and Ramona (1936). She was married to William Sharpless Jackson and Capt. Edward Bissell Hunt. She died on 12 August 1885 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
- Robert Hamerling was born on 24 March 1830 in Kirchberg am Walde, Austria. He was a writer, known for To the Nations (2016). He died on 13 July 1889 in Graz, Austria.
- Adèle Hugo was born on 24 August 1830 in Paris, France. She was a writer, known for The Story of Adele H (1975). She died on 21 April 1915 in Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine, France.
- Paul Heyse was born on 13 March 1830 in Berlin, Germany. He was a writer, known for Your Favorite Story (1953) and Zwei Liebesgeschichten (1980). He was married to Anna Schubart and Margaret Kugler. He died on 2 April 1914 in Munich, Germany.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Christina Georgina Rossetti was born on 5 December 1830 in London, England, UK. She was a writer, known for The Hunt (2012), Joy (2015) and The Heart of Me (2002). She died on 29 December 1894 in London, England, UK.- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Gustav Lange was born on 13 August 1830 in Germany. Gustav is known for Dansa, min docka... (1953), Doomsday Book (2012) and Blue Monday (1938).- Soundtrack
Claribel was born on 23 December 1830 in Louth, Lincolnshire, England, UK. Claribel died on 30 January 1869 in Dover, Kent, England, UK.- Alexander Muir was born on 5 April 1830 in Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK. Alexander died on 26 January 1906 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Sky Eagle was born on 7 November 1830 in South Dakota, USA. He was an actor, known for The Garrison Triangle (1912), The Buffalo Hunt (1912) and On the Warpath (1912). He died on 15 January 1926 in Onondaga Indian Reservation, New York, USA.
- After college he studied law. Arthur then practiced as a successful lawyer in New York City. Beginning in 1857, Arthur was employed as a lawyer by the "Second Brigade" of the New York State Militia. In 1859 he married Ellen Lewis Herndon, daughter of a Virginia naval hero. The marriage resulted in three children. Ellen Lewis Herndon died of pneumonia in 1880 and was unable to live to see her husband's subsequent presidency. During the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865, Chester Arthur made a name for himself by supplying the troops. In 1868 he supported Ulysses S. Grant's presidential campaign. He also became chairman of the Executive Committee of the New York State Committee. He was heavily involved with the Republicans. In 1871 he was appointed director of customs for the Port of New York.
However, his involvement in the usual patronage of offices of the time resulted in his dismissal in 1878. In 1880, Arthur rose to vice president under the presidency of James Garfield. After his murder, Arthur succeeded to the presidency in September 1881. The new president initiated a reform of the civil service and the expansion and modernization of the fleet. He fought corruption in politics and led a reform-oriented government that enacted the first comprehensive civil service laws in the United States. Arthur also placed great emphasis on the representative aesthetics of his office, which he surrounded with new splendor. However, the Republican Party did not nominate Arthur to run for president in the 1884 presidential election. He therefore left office in 1885 and subsequently retreated into private life.
Chester Alan Arthur died on November 18, 1886 in New York. - Karolina Svetlá was born on 24 February 1830 in Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire [now Czech Republic]. She was a writer, known for Nemodlenec (1928), The Cross by the Brook (1937) and Kríz u potoka (1921). She was married to Petr Muzák. She died on 7 September 1899 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic].
- Writer
- Music Department
Jules de Goncourt was born on 16 December 1830 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Époque et apparences ou Le temps des Goncourt (1967), Germinie (1997) and Une Dame de Coeur (2004). He died on 20 June 1870 in Paris, France.- Ivan Dmitrievich Putilin was born on May 20, 1830 in Novy Oskol, Kursk province, Russian Empire, in the family of a poor college registrar. He lived in poverty, in need. I caught crayfish at night on the river. He graduated from the Novooskolsk district school after studying for four years, and then moved to St. Petersburg. Elder brother Vasily helped Putilin to get a job in the Economic Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on October 31, 1850. On December 31, 1853, he became the owner of a certificate, having passed external examinations for a gymnasium course at St. Petersburg University. On July 28, 1854 he received the first rank of collegiate registrar. In 1854, Putilin was appointed a junior assistant overseer in the 4th quarter of the 1st Admiralty unit (order of the chief police chief of St. Petersburg No. 243 dated December 18, 1854), in 1855 he was transferred to the 2nd quarter of the 3rd Admiralteyskaya units (order of July 31, 1855, No. 164), in 1856 - to the senior assistants of the quarter overseer (order No. 111 of May 28, 1856). Putilin became famous after the high-profile case of the «Pugovkin Counterfeiting Brothers», which sold about half a million counterfeits in a year. In order to get on the trail of criminals, Putilin had to change his image and change clothes five times. After the arrest, the defendants hired the best lawyers, but still lost the case and were sent to hard labor. Putilin also participated in political affairs, such as the Chernyshevsky case, but the fight against the criminal world brought him fame. In August 1858, 27-year-old Putilin, who was returning at night from his family, was stopped by four masked men, took away everything he had and almost killed. Putilin was angry and at that time did not even think to thank fate and God for salvation. He hid the incident from his work colleagues and investigated on his own, taking brass knuckles and a revolver with him. In 1862, Putilin became a member of the All-Russian Commission of Inquiry. On December 31, 1866, by order of the St. Petersburg Chief of Police, he was temporarily appointed head of the newly created detective police. On August 1, 1867, he was appointed chief of the detective police. Putilin's favorite way for reincarnation was a laborer. It was he who used it in order to study the customs of the criminal world. However, in his arsenal there were also such images as a vagabond, a priest and a merchant. On the account of Putilin there were hundreds of cases solved. He never used physical assault on suspects. In 1889 he settled in a manor in Novoladozhsky district. Shortly before his death, he wrote memoirs "Forty years among robbers and murderers." He died on November 18, 1893 from «influenza» with acute pulmonary edema. He was buried on November 22 at the cemetery at the Pchevsky church in the Novoladozhsky district of St. Petersburg, located on the banks of the Volkhov River, now - the village of Pcheva, Kirishsky district of the Leningrad region; the cemetery has not survived. Putilin's property was sold under the hammer, the children were left with only their father's notes.
- Guido Gezelle was born on 1 March 1830 in Bruges, West Flanders, Belgium. He was a writer, known for Poëzie in 625 lijnen (1956) and Will Ferdy's one man show '60 (1960). He died on 27 November 1899 in Bruges, West Flanders, Belgium.
- George L. Aiken was born on 19 December 1830 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was a writer, known for Uncle Tom's Cabin (1914). He was married to Cannelyte or Carmelyte ?. He died on 27 April 1876 in Jersey City, New Jersey, USA.
- Soundtrack
John Rogers Thomas was born on 26 March 1830 in Newport, Wales, UK. He died on 5 April 1896 in New York City, New York, USA.- Daniel Chonqadze was born on 18 March 1830 in Kvavili, Georgia, Russian Empire. Daniel was a writer, known for Suramis tsikhe (1922) and The Legend of Suram Fortress (1985). Daniel died on 29 June 1880 in Tbilisi, Georgia, Russian Empire.
- O.O. Howard was born on 8 November 1830 in Leeds, Maine, USA. He died on 26 October 1909 in Burlington, Vermont, USA.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Henri Charles Chivot was born on 13 November 1830 in Paris, France. Henri Charles was a writer, known for Surcouf (1925), La mascotte (1935) and Airs de France (1955). Henri Charles died on 18 September 1897 in Le Vésinet, Yvelines, France.- Mary Ann Orchard was born on 20 March 1830. Mary Ann died on 8 August 1906.
- Olivier Métra was born on 2 June 1830 in Reims, Marne, France. He died on 22 October 1889 in Paris, France.
- Alberto Blest Gana was born on 4 May 1830 in Santiago de Chile, Chile. He was a writer, known for Martín Rivas (1925), Les transplantés (1975) and Manuel Rodríguez (1920). He died on 9 November 1920 in Paris, France.