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1-19 of 19
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Walter Whitman was an American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse. His work was controversial in its time, particularly his 1855 poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sensuality. Whitman's own life came under scrutiny for his presumed homosexuality.- Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward "Eddy"; 8 January 1864 - 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but never became king because he died before his father and grandmother.
After two unsuccessful courtships (to his cousin Tsarina Alexandra in 1889 - she would later marry Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, another of Albert Victor's cousins, in 1894 -, and with Princess Hélène of Orléans in 1890), he was engaged to be married to Queen Mary in late 1891. A few weeks later, he died during an influenza pandemic. Mary later married his younger brother, who became King George V in 1910. - Writer
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Alfred, Lord Tennyson was a popular English poet. He served as Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom for 42 years (term 1850-1892). He often wrote poetry based on mythology. Among his most famous works was the "Idylls of the King" (printed in updated versions, 1859-1885), a collection of narrative poems based on Arthurian legends. It was the most famous Victorian era-version of the legends, and remains popular. His poems typically reflect intense feelings of "grief, melancholy, and loss", as Tennyson struggled with depression throughout his life.
In 1809, Tennyson was born in Somersby, Lincolnshire. Somersby is a small village, located within a range the low hills known as the Lincolnshire Wolds. His father was the Anglican clergyman George Clayton Tennyson (1778-1831). George served as the rector of Somersby (term 1807-1831), the rector of Benniworth (term1802-1831) the rector of Bag Enderby, and the vicar of Grimsby. He was shrewd at managing his money and fairly affluent throughout his career. Tennyson's mother was Elizabeth Fytche (1781-1865), daughter of another clergyman.
In 1816. Tennyson started his education at the King Edward VI Grammar School, an all-boys grammar school located in Louth. It had been established in 1551, with financing provided by Edward VI of England (1537-1553, reigned 1547-1553). Tennyson finished his schooling there in 1820.
George Tennyson was an amateur poet, and encouraged his sons to write their own poetry. In 1826, at age 17, Alfred Tennnyson co-wrote a poetry collection with two of his older brothers, These brothers were Frederick Tennyson (1807-1898) and Charles Tennyson Turner (1808-1879) ,who went on to have literary careers of their own.
In 1827, Tennyson started his tertiary education at the Trinity College of Cambridge. While there, he joined a local intellect society, the Cambridge Apostles. Tennyson met and befriended fellow poet Arthur Hallam (1811-1833) and aspiring clergyman William Henry Brookfield (1809-1874).
In 1829, Tennyson won the Chancellor's Gold Medal, a prestigious literary award granted by the University of Cambridge. In 1830, Tennyson published "Poems Chiefly Lyrical", his first solo poetry collection. Its popularity helped him build a reputation as a promising writer. Among the poems included was "Mariana", a narrative poem about a woman who is isolated from society and has suicidal thoughts. The poem was loosely inspired by the play "Measure for Measure" (1604) by William Shakespeare, but rejected the play's happy ending. It was the first poem about social isolation Tennyson ever published, and the theme would appear frequently in his future poems.
In 1831, George Tennyson died at the age of 53. Alfred Tennyson dropped out of College and returned home to the rectory. He had to financially support his widowed mother. The Tennyson family was granted permission to keep using the rectory, even after George's death. At about this point, Tennyson arranged his sister Emilia engagement to his best friend Arthur Hallam.
In 1833, Tennyson published a second poetry collection under the generic title "Poems". It included the earliest version of "The Lady of Shallott", which would later become one his most famous poets. However this collection met with harsh criticism, and Tennyson's reputation suffered. He did not dare publish anything for the next decade, though he privately continued writing poems.
In September 1833, Arthur Halam died of cerebral hemorrhage during his vacation in Vienna. Halam was only 22-years-old, and his death surprised his family and friends. Tennyson mourned him, and started writing poets in his memory. The most important of them was "In Memoriam A.H.H.", first published in 1850. It contained Tennyson's thoughts on mortality, and also his thoughts on the then-popular scientific theory of the "transmutation of species". Tennyson wondered whether life was guided by the inherent cruelty of nature, and explored the implications of natural selection a decade before scientist Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) wrote on the same topic.
In 1837, Tennyson and his family moved away from the rectory. He settled in Beech Hill Park, within the village of High Beach. The location was deep within Epping Forest, an ancient woodland in Essex. In wintertime, Tennyson had access to a frozen pond. He enjoyed skating there. His new house was not far from London, and he could socialize with friends who lived there. His needy mother, however, demanded his presence at home. She prevented him from ever spending the night in London.
In the late 1830s, Tennyson befriended Dr. Allen, the administrator of a local asylum. Allen also managed an ecclesiastical wood-carving enterprise, and convinced Tennyson to invest in it. When this business venture failed, Tennyson lost much of the family fortune. In 1840, Tennyson moved to London.
In May 1842, Tennyson published a new poetry collection under the generic title "Poems". Some of the poems had been published before, others were brand new. Its sales were surprisingly good, and he also earned profits from its reprint in the United States. By 1846, Tennyson had earned more than 600 pound pounds sterling from this single work. This helped him escape serious financial difficulties, which had lasted for years. His critical reputation also improved, with some critics viewing as the leading poet of his generation.
In 1850, Tennyson was appointed as the new Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom. He succeeded the Romantic poet William Wordsworth (1770-1850), who died from pleurisy earlier that year. He was reportedly only chosen because the older poet Samuel Rogers (1763 - 1855) had refused his appointment to the position.
In June 1850, Tennyson married his childhood acquaintance, the hymn-writer Emily Sellwood. Emily was better at at conducting business tasks than her husband, and she became Tennyson's business manager. They would have two sons. A difficult second pregnancy left Emily with permanent health problems.
From 1851 to 1853, Tennyson and his family lived in Chapel House, a Georgian brick house located in Twickenham. The house has been preserved as a Grade II-listed building. It is considered of historical significance due to its connection to Tennyson. Other famous figures resided there during the 20th century.
In 1853, Tennyson rented Farringford House, a country house located in the Isle of Wight. In 1856, he bought the country house from its previous owners. He lived there until 1869. The place eventually attracted tourists who wanted to meet Tennyson, much to his annoyance. He moved out in 1869, but continued to use Farringford as his winter home.
In December 1854, Tennyson published the narrative poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade". It commemorated an ill-fated cavalry charge during the Battle of Balaclava (October 1854), where about 110 British soldiers were killed and other 161 wounded due to their blind obedience to an order by a superior. It became one of Tennyson's most famous poems, inspiring sequels and adaptations by other writers and musicians.
In 1865, Tennyson was offered the rank of baronet by the government, but denied the honor. In 1868, he was offered the same rank, but again denied the honor. In 1883, the Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (1809 - 1898) offered him the rank of a baron, and Tennyson took the offer. In 1884, he was officially appointed as the 1st Baron Tennyson. It was a new hereditary title that would be inherited by his descendants. From this point Alfred became known under the name "Lord Tennyson". Tennyson was reportedly the first person to be raised to a British peerage for their writing.
Tennyson continued writing well into his old age. He tried to become a playwright as well, though his plays were not considered particularly memorable. His last major work was the play "The Foresters" (1892), featuring incidental music by Arthur Sullivan (1842-1900). It was unpopular in the United Kingdom, but met with success in the United States.
Tennyson died in October 1892, at the age of 83. He was buried at Westminster Abbey. He left an estate of 57,206 pounds sterling. His eldest son Hallam Tennyson (1852-1928) succeeded him as the 2nd Baron Tennyson. Hallam published a biography of his father in 1897. Hallam is mainly remembered for a brief term as the Governor-General of Australia (term 1903-1904).
Tennyson was succeeded as Poet Laureate with Alfred Austin (1835 - 1913), a poet chiefly noted as a nature-lover. Austin was widely considered to be inferior to Tennyson. Tennyson's fame has far outlasted many of his contemporaries, and he is among the relatively few Victorian era-writers whose works remain popular with the wider public.- Soundtrack
Louis Lambert was born on 25 December 1829 in Ballygar, Ireland, UK [now County Galway, Republic of Ireland]. He was married to Ellen J. O'Neill. He died on 24 September 1892 in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.- Composer
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Hervé was born on 30 June 1825 in Houdain, Pas-de-Calais, France. He was a composer, known for Frøken Nitouche (1963), Mam'zelle Nitouche (1931) and Heavenly Swallows (1976). He died on 3 November 1892 in Paris, France.- Music Department
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Edouard Lalo was born on 27 January 1823 in Lille, France. He was a composer, known for Wings (1927), The Lisbon Story (1946) and Accord final (1938). He died on 22 April 1892 in Paris, France.- Louis IV was born on 12 September 1837 in Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine, German Confederation [now Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany]. He was married to Countess Alexandrina Hutten-Czapska and Grand Duchess Alice. He died on 13 March 1892 in Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine, German Empire [now Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany].
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Hector Crémieux was born on 10 November 1828 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for L'abbé Constantin (1925), Orpheus in der Unterwelt (1974) and L'abbé Constantin (1933). He died on 30 September 1892 in Paris, France.- Emilie Flygare-Carlén was born on 8 August 1807 in Strömstad, Västra Götalands län, Sweden. She was a writer, known for På livets ödesvägar (1913), Rosen på Tistelön (1945) and Ett köpmanshus i skärgården (1925). She was married to Johan Gabriel Carlén and Axel Flygare. She died on 5 February 1892 in Stockholm, Sweden.
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C. Hostrup was born on 20 May 1818 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was a writer and composer, known for Genboerne (1939), Seikkailu jalkamatkalla (1936) and Genboerne (1952). He died on 21 November 1892 in Frederiksberg, Denmark.- Writer
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American poet and writer John Greenleaf Whittier was born on December 17, 1807, near Haverhill, Massachusetts. He grew up on a farm with an extended family, consisting of three siblings--two sisters and a brother--and his mother's sister and his father's brother. The farm was fairly large but not particularly profitable, and the family made just enough money to get by. Whittier was a rather sickly child, and couldn't help out with farm chores very often (among other problems, his color-blindness made it difficult for him to distinguish between ripe and unripe fruits) and his frailty and bad health were problems for him throughout his life.
His formal education was not particularly extensive--due to his family's ongoing financial problems and his own poor health--but he developed into an avid reader who studied his father's books on the Quaker religion so thoroughly that the theology became the guiding principles in his life. He was strongly influenced by the religion's emphasis on one's responsibility to one's fellow human beings, which contributed to his becoming a fervent abolitionist later in his adult life.
Introduced to poetry by a teacher, Whittier wrote his first poem, "The Exile's Departure", in 1826. His sister thought so highly of it that she sent it to a newspaper, the Newburyport Free Press, and its editor, the abolitionist publisher William Lloyd Garrison, published it in the June 8 edition. Garrison was also impressed by the young boy's writing ability and urged him to attend the Haverhill Academy, a recently opened private school. Paying his tuition with money obtained from a variety of jobs--including shoemaker and teacher--he graduated from the Academy in 1828. Garrison hired him as editor of his weekly publication The American Manufacturer in Boston. Whittier soon developed into a fierce opponent of President Andrew Jackson, and in 1830 he was hired as the editor of the prestigious New England Weekly Review in Hartford, Connecticut, which was one of the most prominent Whig publications in the region.
Whittier ran for Congress in 1832 but lost. The experience caused him to have a nervous breakdown, and he returned home to the family farm at Haverhill to recuperate. The next year he resumed his relationship with Garrison, and soon joined his mentor in the abolitionist cause. He published an anti-slavery pamphlet, "Justice and Expediency". The pamphlet earned him the wrath of Northern businessmen and Southern slaveowners, effectively ending any hopes he may have harbored for a political career, and he devoted the next 20 years of his life to helping rid the country of the cancer of slavery. He helped to found the American Anti-Slavery Society, and was a very effective lobbyist in Congress for the cause, helping to recruit quite a few congressmen to the abolitionist movement. His activities were not without consequences, though. He received more than a few death threats, was stoned by mobs in his travels around the country and was run out of town several times. This didn't stop his activities on behalf of the movement, however, and in 1838 he became editor of The Pennsylvania Freeman, an anti-slavery newspaper in Philadelphia, a position he held for the next two years (in that same year the newspaper moved to a new office, which was promptly burned down by a rioting pro-slavery mob). Unfortunately, he and Garrison developed differences over the direction of the abolitionist movement, and the two bitterly split in 1839.
Whittier went on to help form the Liberty Party, an abolitionist political group. However, the combination of his editorial duties, his poetry and prose writings, his activities in the abolitionist movement, the violence directed against it--and him--and his continuing health problems contributed to his having yet another nervous breakdown. He returned to his home in Amesbury, and stayed there for the rest of his life. Although that ended his active participation in the abolitionist movement, he was still a strong supporter of it, and helped the Liberty Party to evolve into the Free Soil Party. In 1847 Whittier became editor of The National Era, probably the most powerful and influential abolitionist paper in the North, a post he held for the next ten years, and contributed what many believe to be his best writing to the paper. With the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, which outlawed slavery, Whittier ended his abolitionist activities and devoted himself to writing poetry. He was one of the founding members of The Atlantic Monthly--a publication that survives to this day--and in 1867 he met Charles Dickens while the renowned British author was on a visit to the U.S., an event that left a deep impression on him.
Although Whittier spent virtually his entire life in Massachusetts, he died at the home of a friend in Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, on September 7, 1892. Among his most famous works are the poems "Barbara Frietchie", "Snow-Bound" and "The Brewing of Soma". The city of Whittier, California--home of former US President Richard Nixon--is named after him.- Ladislav Stroupeznický was born on 6 January 1850 in Cerhonice, Bohemia, Austria [now Czech Republic]. He was a writer, known for Zkazená krev (1914), Nasi furianti (1937) and Nasi furianti (1971). He was married to Anna Turkova. He died on 11 August 1892 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic].
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Friedrich Wilhelm Rust was born on 15 August 1822 in Dessau, Germany. He was a composer, known for Incognito (1936), Der Polizeibericht meldet (1934) and Enjoy Yourselves (1934). He died on 2 May 1892 in Leipzig, Germany.- Ernst Werner Siemens' family moved to Lübeck in 1823 for economic reasons. Siemens received private lessons and later attended high school in Lübeck. He stopped attending school early. In 1834 he left Lübeck and moved to Berlin. There he became an officer candidate in the artillery of the Prussian army. Siemens was given the opportunity to study mathematics, chemistry, physics and ballistics for three years at the Berlin Engineering and Artillery School. In 1838 he became a lieutenant. The following year, 1839, his mother died and a year later his father died. He remained in the military until 1849. The final move to Berlin took place in 1842. Werner Siemens worked there in the field of telegraphy and earned his money to support his younger siblings. In 1846, Siemens invented the pointer telegraph.
The following year he and the university mechanic J.G. Halske founded the company "Telegraphen-Bauanstalt Siemens & Halske". This company formed the foundation for the later global corporation Siemens. In the revolutionary year of 1848, Siemens received the public contract to equip the Berlin-Frankfurt telegraph line with its pointer telegraph. In 1853 he worked on behalf of the Russian government, for which he renewed the telegraph line in the Tsarist Empire. In 1855 he founded a branch in St. Petersburg. The order situation there developed very positively, so that Siemens was able to successfully survive the domestic economic crisis with these business profits. During this time he invented measuring instruments, relays and other technical achievements. Siemens developed a process for laying deep-sea cables, which he tested in 1857 on behalf of the British government.
The following year, 1858, he founded another branch in London, which was run by his brother Wilhelm Siemens. He also opened a factory in Wollwich to manufacture cables. Between 1862 and 1866, Siemens was a member of the Prussian state parliament for the Progress Party. In this role he opened up the foreign market for products from Germany. In 1866 he discovered the dynamoelectric principle, which turned out to be a significant discovery both technically and economically. Ernst Werner Siemens then built the first dynamo machine and began production in 1879. This marked the beginning of the age of high-voltage technology. In 1868, work began on the approximately 11,000 kilometer long telegraph line between London, Tehran and Calcutta. After around twelve years of construction, the work was completed.
From 1867 onwards, Siemens continued to run the company alone; his partner Halske had left. Siemens' awards include an honorary doctorate, which he received from the University of Berlin in 1860. In 1873 he was admitted to the Prussian Academy of Sciences. In 1888, Emperor Wilhelm I elevated him to the nobility, which is why he now called himself Werner von Siemens. In 1874, von Siemens connected Ireland to America with an Atlantic submarine cable. His suggestions led to the adoption of the first German patent law in 1877. The following year he invented electric street lighting. In 1879, von Siemens developed the world's first electric railway and presented it to the public at the Berlin trade fair in the same year. Two years later he built the world's first electric railway in Berlin, which was put into operation.
In 1880, von Siemens was a co-founder of the "Electrical Engineering Association", today known as VDE - Association of German Electrical Engineers. In 1887 he contributed to the founding of the Physical-Technical Reichsanstalt. Werner von Siemens dedicated his extensive life's work to the scientific foundation of electrical engineering. By 1890, the Siemens Group had 6,000 employees. In addition, he was committed to the technical development of everyday life and to promoting the economy. As an entrepreneur, he also had social responsibility. For example, he founded the "Siemens Pension Fund" to provide for the retirement of his employees. Particularly in the social area, Siemens introduced social policy measures such as the nine-hour day, which were groundbreaking. He wanted to bind his employees to the company. - Additional Crew
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Jules Perrot was born on 18 August 1810 in Lyon, France. Jules was a writer, known for The Bolshoi Ballet: Live From Moscow - Esmeralda (2011), Giselle (1970) and The Turning Point (1977). Jules was married to Carlotta Grisi. Jules died on 24 August 1892 in Ille-et-Vilaine, France.- Anne Charlotte Leffler was born on 1 October 1849 in Stockholm, Sweden. She was a writer, known for Sanna kvinnor (1991). She was married to Pasquale del Pezzo and Gustaf Edgren. She died on 21 October 1892 in Naples, Italy.
- Alexandre Lévy was born on 10 November 1864 in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. He died on 17 January 1892 in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Albert Millaud was born on 13 January 1844 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for Mam'zelle Nitouche (1931), Heavenly Swallows (1976) and Frøken Nitouche (1963). He was married to Anna Judic. He died on 22 October 1892 in Paris, France.- Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (6 July 1819 - 7 January 1892) was a German physician and physiologist. He is credited with contributions made in many facets of physiology. He graduated in medicine at the University of Berlin in 1842, and during the following year, he became a research assistant to Johannes Peter Müller. In 1845 he founded the Physikalische Gesellschaft (Physical Society) in Berlin, together with Emil Du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz and others, in the house of physicist Heinrich Gustav Magnus. Later on, this became known as the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (German Society of Physics). In 1846, Brücke was elected teacher of anatomy in the Akademie der Bildenden Künste, in Berlin. Following that, in 1848 he was appointed as professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg, replacing Karl Friedrich Burdach (1776-1847). In 1849 he acquired similar duties at the University of Vienna. In 1873, Emperor Franz Joseph I honored Brücke with a noble title-von Brücke-but he rarely used it.