Dr. Goldberger died of kidney cancer in 1929, aged 54, and did not live to see the exact nutritional deficiency that causes pellagra (also known as "spring sickness"). It wasn't until 1937 that Conrad Elvehjem (1901-1967) discovered it was the deficiency of the vitamin niacin (B3) that caused pellagra. Dr. Tom Douglas Spies (1902-1960) also contributed to this discovery. Dr. Goldberger was nominated for the Nobel Prize four times.