In real-world history, famed fashion designer Coco Chanel was the one-time lover of Baron Hans Günther von Dincklage from 1940 to 1950. Von Dincklage was a representative of the Reich Ministry of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda.
In Juliana's vision, she sees a sign for the Lackawanna Coal Mine. The mine, which was established in 1860, is located in Scranton, Pennsylvania and was eventually shut down over 100 years later, in 1966.
In our history, the Ahnenerbe was an SS research institute, founded by Heinrich Himmler in 1935. Its research was focused on supporting the supremacist ideology of the Reich.
Although only addressed by name in the credits, the man running the Ahnenerbe Institute is real life figure Dr. Josef Mengele. The character is instantly recognizable by the distinctive gap between his front teeth. As shown in the series, real Mengele was indeed obsessed by racial purity, often injecting dye or ink in the eyes on his test subjects (mostly children at the Auschwitz concentration camp) or keeping framed cuts of human skin which he tried to bleach chemically. Regardless (or maybe because of) his complete lack of ethic when experimenting, Mengele was highly respected in his time and given a lot of leeway for his research so, in the world of The Man in the High Castle, his position as head of an elite scientific facility is very plausible.
Ed briefly discusses the Japanese attitude to homosexuality in the Pacific States compared to the Reich. The Japanese Empire generally saw homosexuality as frivolous, as it did not contribute to having children, which was seen as a patriotic duty for imperialist expansion. While it was discouraged, it was largely tolerated, so long as it was not flaunted. In the Third Reich, homosexuals were actively persecuted, imprisoned, sent to concentration camps and murdered.